Thursday, September 3, 2020

Analyzing current Fallacies; Peer Counseling on Writing Assignment

Dissecting current Fallacies; Peer Counseling on Writing - Assignment Example This is a circumstance whereby when one is related with someone or is utilized to somebody, he is believed to resemble that individual and grasps his belief system. â€Å"People feel that epilepsy is divine basically in light of the fact that they dont have any thought what causes epilepsy. Yet, I accept that some time or another we will comprehend what causes epilepsy, and at that point, we will stop to accept that its heavenly. Thus it is with everything in the universe† This is an eccentric contention and consequently erroneous dependent on numbness. I am not certain with this model. â€Å"We have arrived at a point today where work sparing gadgets are acceptable just when they don't toss the specialist out of his job.† This is deceptive dependent on the absence of comprehension or misguided judgment. I am certain with this case of paradox. â€Å"I had gotten excessively acquainted with the pseudo-Left new style, whereby if your adversary thought he had distinguished your most minimal conceivable intention, he was very sure that he had disengaged the main genuine one. This profane strategy, which is presently the standard and the standard in much non-Left news coverage also, is intended to have the impact of making any loud dolt into an ace analyst.† This is dirty pool contentions and therefore erroneous. I am not sure with this model. â€Å"Psychobabble endeavors to reclassify the whole English language just to offer a right expression erroneous. Brain research is the investigation of why somebody would attempt to do this.† This is a self-support and subsequently labeled fraudulent. I am certain with this case of misrepresentation. Coming up next is a case of the paradox of affiliation; ‘The Republicans are enthusiastic about this, as when they as of late attempted to describe Barack Obama as a radical since he is related with Jeremiah Wright and Bill Ayers. In the event that an individual knows someone with extraordinary perspectives, the suggestion goes, at that point that individual must be a fanatic too (www.emagill.com/blusters/eblog114a.html). Rupert Murdoch: â€Å"Maybe most Moslems [are] serene,

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Foreign policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International strategy investigation - Essay Example Allison proposes that utilizing this model might be too shortsighted to even think about explaining precisely the full elements of the emergency. One of his reasons in advancing the â€Å"organizational actor† hypothesis as opposed to this translation is that the State is definitely not a solitary element but instead a useful collection of individuals, procedures, and foundations that frequently demonstration with clashing paces of productivity and inspiration. As Sundaram (2011) composes, â€Å"An ‘organizational process’ model in which the chief works under time and data limitations, and doesn't look for an ideal arrangement. Rather, the leader takes part in ‘satisficing’ conduct and endeavors to discover an answer which accomplishes a set (least) objective, and limits danger of failure.† (Sundaram, 2011, p.22) Allison at last altered this proposal to a â€Å"bureaucratic politics† which contemplated the full intricacy of the administr ation in real life. (Sundaram, 2011, p.25) These differentiations show why the dynamic parts of government may continue contrastingly in an emergency versus during typical occasions. An emergency presents a basic circumstance that can winding wild at any second. This is found in the atomic heightening between the USA and USSR in the Cuban Missile Crisis. ... Basically, when the Cuban Blockade was executed by Kenendy, the approach would be actualized not by JFK himself however by a wide scope of instruments of the US organization, military, and countless fighters or staff. In the event that any of these people committed an error in the emergency, it could have spiraled wild in a way that would have changed the manner in which Kennedy or Khrushchev could settle on further choices. Think about the exchanges among Gorbachev and Reagan that occurred at Reykjavik and different areas during the finish of the Cold War. In coordinated arrangements at the most elevated level, the discerning on-screen character hypothesis appears to be a conceivable method to clarify history. However, in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the American Navy and Russian Navy could have traded fire whenever, making a Gulf of Tonkin or Lusitania second that could have prompted further heightening in MAD. Allison states he expected that Kennedy made an individual and private pro posal to Khrushchev that defused the circumstance, and verifiably he was demonstrated right. (Imprints, 1991, Web) This offer permitted Khrushchev to expel bases from Cuba with the individual confirmation from Kennedy that the US atomic weapons would likewise be expelled from Turkey. (Imprints, 1991, Web) Question 2: evaluate the viability of military power as a device for international strategy In an article composed soon after the 9/11 assaults, MIT teacher Noam Chomsky refered to the US Army manual which characterize psychological warfare as the determined utilization of savagery or danger of viciousness to achieve objectives that are political, strict, or ideological in nature...through terrorizing, compulsion, or ingraining dread. (Chomsky, 2002) What Chomsky and others have noted from the beginning of time is the crucial relationship of military power and the brutality of war to fear based oppression. For instance,

Friday, August 21, 2020

Repressed Memories Essay Example

Quelled Memories Essay Example Quelled Memories Essay Quelled Memories Essay Quelled recollections may have been obstructed because of ‘repression which is the expulsion of undesirable encounters into the oblivious in light of the fact that the occasion was considered too awful to even consider recalling. These recollections can incorporate things from youngster maltreatment to seeing a homicide. It’s the effect on the psyche so it can adapt to what might be unreasonably difficult for the person to manage around then. Understanding that memory is anything but an advanced chronicle that accommodates an absolutely precise replay (Merskey, H.2010) is frequently ignored in the start of recalling a stifled memory and furthermore that a wide range of triggers are associated with the recuperation of subdued recollections. Triggers are another manner by which stifled recollections are thought to reemerge during treatment or potentially essentially anyplace whenever in the person’s life. A trigger can be as a taste, contact, smell and so forth. Commonly the memory is unconstrained to such an extent that it happens in a flashback, with sentiments to solid it as though the individual is remembering the second by and by (Seager, W). Psychotherapy is one route in that many can attempt to compel their brains to review the occasion all the more precisely (Seager, W). While most research centers around whether individuals recall or overlook injury, constraint, be that as it may, is a multidimensional develop, which, notwithstanding the memory angle, comprises of pathogenic consequences for change and the oblivious (Merskey, H. 2010). In addition, since analysis views restraint as a key factor in representing the turn of events and treatment of hypochondriac issue, important research from these two spaces are additionally considered. There are two sorts of recuperated recollections: those that progressively return in recouped memory treatment (RMT) and those that are unexpectedly recuperated outside the setting of treatment (Merskey, H. 2010). By having a superior comprehension of the two sorts not just advantages a person’s advisor to enable the customer to work through the recollections yet in addition they help to legitimize the memory and give it credit and legitimacy (Groenveld, n. d). RMT is a term which alludes to the endeavors to recuperate since quite a while ago overlooked or quelled recollections. It is regularly utilized when a customer is suspected to have been manhandled numerous years back, yet has no recollections of it as a grown-up (Groenveld, n. d. ). RMT has similarly the same number of supporters as it does the individuals who accept specialist cause customers to have â€Å"false memories†. Numerous specialists occupied with recuperated memory treatment accept that grown-up issues, for example, sorrow, nervousness, dietary issues, relationship issues, sexual brokenness, sleep deprivation, and so on are frequently brought about by a particular type of misuse (Groenveld, n. d. ). Recollections of that misuse are frequently accepted to have been quelled with the goal that they can't be recalled. Despite the fact that the maltreatment isn't recalled that, it produces a portion of the above manifestations in the grown-up (Groenveld, n. d. ). Albeit most recollections are recouped during guiding with an advisor who puts stock in them, there exist a developing number of people who have recuperated recollections outside of treatment (Groenveld, n. d. ). Much of the time, books like The Courage to Heal by writers Ellen Bass (2007) and Laurie Davis are utilized by a person. The methods are simply the equivalent; they are essentially directed (Menzel, n. d). The Courage to Heal has different qualities as indicated by book analyst Jennifer Menzel, M. A. Creators Bass and Davis (2007) look at horrendous encounters and offer would like to overcomers of these encounters (Menzel, n. d. ). A subsequent quality is that Bass and Davis utilize the word â€Å"survivor† rather than â€Å"victim. † This attempts to ingrain trust in perusers and assists with empowering survivors to effectively take part in the mending procedure (Menzel, n. d. ). A third quality is the accentuation on the realities of sexual maltreatment, however on genuine encounters of survivors (Menzel, n.d. ). Menzel (n. d. ) finishes up her audit of The Courage to Heal similar to a valuable bibliotherapy apparatus and is enthusiastically suggested. In any case, similarly as with any type of bibliotherapy, clinical judgment must be utilized when allotting this book in psychotherapy. One of the most curbed recollections is that of youth sexual maltreatment. Despite the fact that debate encompasses the general credibility of broken versus consistent recollections of youth sexual maltreatment (CSA), little is thought about whether such recollections contrast in their probability of supportive proof. People revealing CSA recollections were met, and two autonomous raters endeavored to discover authenticating data for the charges (Brockman, R. 2010). Constant CSA recollections and irregular recollections that were surprisingly reviewed outside treatment were bound to be supported than foreseen spasmodic recollections recouped in treatment (Brockman, R. 2010). Proof that recommendation during treatment conceivably intercedes these distinctions originates from the extra finding that people who reviewed the recollections outside treatment were checked increasingly amazed at the presence of their recollections than wereâ individuals who at first reviewed the recollections in treatment (Brockman, R. 2010). These outcomes show that spasmodic CSA recollections suddenly recovered outside of treatment might be precise, while ensnaring desires emerging from proposals during treatment in delivering bogus CSA recollections (Brockman, R. 2010). Still the topic of why individuals subdue recollections and can recover them sometime in the future alongside how obvious those recollections may be is as yet one that should be additionally clarified. Whatever the wording applied, be it suppression, separation or overlooking, people have an ability to not deliberately think about parts of their injuries for broadened timeframes (Middleton et al, 2005) are generally factors to remember for the memory. Additionally different components including the age at which injuries happened, the connections to the individual capable or the nature and degree of the injuries impact what will be available to memory (Middleton, 2005). Experts have the duty during an admission meeting to advance the topic of physical, sexual, and psychological mistreatment to the individual. The reason for this solution is that a clinician who asks passes on to the customer that the customer will be accepted and that the clinician will get together with the customer in working through the recollections and feelings connected with youth sexual maltreatment (Loftus, 1993). Getting some information about sexual maltreatment alongside a rundown of other previous existence occasions bodes well given the high occurrence of real maltreatment, however the worry is the way the issue is raised and what advisors do when customers at first deny a harsh past.  Brockman, R.. (2010). Parts of Psychodynamic Neuropsychiatry I: Episodic Memory, Transference, and the Oddball Paradigm. Diary of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 38(4), 693-710. Recovered May 6, 2012, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Archive ID: 2256258471). Groenveld, J. (n. d. ). Quelled recollections and Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT). Recovered May 8, 2009 from caic. organization. au/fms. sra/rmt/htm Loftus, E. (1993). The Reality of Repressed Memories. American Psychological Association, 48, 518-537. Recovered from http://faculty:Washington. edu/elofus Menzel, J. (n. d). The mental fortitude to mend: A guide for ladies overcomers of kid sexual maltreatment (third release). [Review of the book]. Therapists in Independent Practice. A Division of the American Psychological Association. Recovered from http://www/division42. organization/MembersArea/Nws_Views/articles/Reviews_Books/Merskey, H.. (2010). Attempt to Remember: Psychiatrys Clash Over Meaning, Memory, and Mind. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 112-113. Recovered May 6, 2012, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Report ID: 1986429491). Middleton, W. , Cromer, L. , Freyd, J. (2005, September). Recalling the past, foreseeing a future. Australasian Psychiatry, 13(3), 223-233. Recovered May 8, 2012, doi:10. 1111/j. 1440-1665. 2005. 02192. x Seager, W. Schwitzgebel, Eric. Perplexities of awareness. Decision: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries Apr. 2012: 1458. Scholarly OneFile. Web. 6 May 2012.

Sunday, June 7, 2020

Life, Death, and Fatherhood in A Call - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"A Call† Commentaryâ€Å"A Call,† by Seamus Heaney, traces the growing import of death, and therefore appreciation of life, on the speaker. By making a simple call to his father, he is thrown into a series of reflections on his father, as well as time, which force him to deal with the inescapability of time and unpredictability of death. The speaker’s intense reflection on his father, his joyful yet rueful process of weeding, and the inevitability of time and death, leads him to realize the brevity of human life and the suddenness of death’s â€Å"call,† producing an intense feeling of love for his father. In the first stanza, the trivial nature of the call, and the mother’s rhetoric, reflects the lack of concern the speaker has for his father. Presumably after the speaker has asked to speak to his father, his mother replies â€Å"hold on† (1), stressing the lack of urgency in the interaction, and revealing that neither party on the call is concerned about time. While the father is about to be summoned, the mother makes some small talk with her son, noting that the â€Å"weather here’s so good† (2). These trivial bits of conversation again highlight the two’s lack of concern for time, and the calm, serene nature of the weather reinforces the expectations of this call being a simple check in to see how his father is doing. However, the word â€Å"here† reveals that there is a distance between the speaker and his mother, and when the mother has to â€Å"run out† (1) to reach the father, the speaker begins to reflect on his father once thei r separation is highlighted. This state of reflection is accentuated when the mother mentions how his father â€Å"took the chance† (3) to do work, showing that he is not capable at all times to do the hard work that weeding entails. Though still quite healthy, he is not in perfect condition, leading the speaker to begin pondering the state of his father, however unjustified this worry may be given the lack of urgency or worry in the nature of a simple â€Å"check up.† In the second stanza, the speaker, intimately reflective in his recollection of his father’s weeding process, imagines the saving yet destructive nature of weeding, causing him to grapple with life and death. The indentation of the first line, which seems to literally stem off of the previous stanza, is a key piece of structure, which reveals the speaker’s constant flow of thought and progression towards reflection. Though the speaker does not literally see his father, he is so close to his father in spirit that he is able to perfectly picture him weeding, â€Å"[seeing] him† (4) in his mind. Still, the speaker is still not concerned about his father’s health, as his father is able to preform the difficult processes of â€Å"touching, inspecting, [and] separating† quite successfully (6). Despite this sense of normality and content, as he reflects further, he finds his father pulling the plants up which are â€Å"not tapered, frail and leafless† (8). This, albeit gentle, ending of lives firmly plants the idea of death in the speaker’s mind, an idea that he will become extremely preoccupied with as his reflection continues. His father, in this situation the bringer of death, is both â€Å"pleased† (9) by the removal of weeds, but also â€Å"rueful† (10). Though the father, by this weeding, is bringing about life and growth for the garden, highlighting the necessity of this process, he is also taking life away, which is inescapable in weeding and leads the father to feel regret. This necessity for death begins to instill worry in the speaker, and begins to manifest itself in his increasingly moribund thoughts and reflective progression, stressed by the ellipsis that links the poem to his next, grave train of thought. In the third stanza, the speaker’s inundation with the incessant ticking of time causes him to realize the unceasing and ultimate power that time, and therefore death, holds, no matter how tranquil a life may be. As mortality overtakes the speaker’s thoughts, he notes that he â€Å"found himself listening† (11) to clocks. This passive action shows the powerlessness of the speaker to ignore death, and its inevitability in both the mind and in life. However, the active verb, â€Å"listening,† works to reveal his current awareness of time’s passing, and his recognition of the relevant threat it poses. Furthermore, the â€Å"amplified grave ticking† (12) shows that the passing of time has taken a greater significance to the speaker, as when he hears it, it is â€Å"amplified.† The description of the ticking as â€Å"grave† shows how uncontrollably morbid his thoughts have become: death has invaded his mind, and its inevitability is all too apparent. However, all of this has happened in a place of â€Å"calm† (13), full of â€Å"sunstruck pendulums† (14). This is even more ominous for the speaker, as the unavoidable call of death can penetrate even the most serene, beautiful, and ordinary situations. This has a massive import on the speaker, as he realizes that although his father’s life seems to be in no apparent danger, which certainly will not prevent death from calling, when the time comes. This leads the speaker to feel intense fear for his father’s life, which is compounded in the next line as an ellipsis again connects the two and highlights the morbid flow of thought which the speaker is a victim of. In the 4th stanza, the speaker’s comparison of the suddenness of death in morality plays and the graceful nature of time and death at his father’s home instills fear in death’s unpredictable inevitability, highlighting the great significance of the â€Å"call.† Again, just as in the third stanza, the speaker is both active and passive in his reflection, noting that he â€Å"found himself then thinking† (15). His passive nature once again reveals death’s envelopment of his mind as he loses control to escape his macabre reflection. However, the â€Å"then† shows the constant flow of thought which is overtaking him, and the active verb â€Å"thinking† shows that not only is he again actively dealing with this frightful subject, and taking in its unpleasant implications, but also beginning to understand the significance of the call. This significance is made explicit with the allegory of â€Å"Death summon[ing] Everyman† (16) introducing the truly morbid idea of the unpredictable nature of death. In the morality play to which the speaker alludes to, when it is time for the unknowing Everyman to die, he gets a tap on the shoulder from death, and is instantly dead. This is the climax of the speaker’s fearful reflection, as he now fully comprehends the importance of the phone call he has made. Everyman being tapped on the shoulder stresses the suddenness and unpredictability of death, and the speaker connects this to his father, as his death could be just as sudden and unpredictable. Thus, the significance of this call is that it is not simply a â€Å"check up,† but could in reality his father’s death, because of the suddenness with which death calls. Once the true significance of the call is appreciated, the speaker can stop his process of reflection and deal with the unsettling reality of what he has just come to terms with. The final line’s intense outburst of passion reveals that the minutes of deep reflection the speaker has gone through has caused him to be overwhelmed by an powerful appreciation and love for his father’s life. The speaker’s thought process has been abruptly interrupted by the â€Å"Next thing [his father] spoke† (17), revealing that this intense willpower that he used to reflect has now been replaced by the pure emotions that follow. However, the speaker refrains from expressing his true emotions, and notes that, â€Å"I nearly said I loved him†. This abstention from brining up the speaker’s important revelations shows what he has truly learned, as if he had told the father of death’s unpredictable call, which could occur at any moment, this would frighten the father. The importance of nearly telling him highlights the power in the irony of what is left unsaid, as what is really important is to appreciate the beauty of life, and the m ortality of human life is what makes it even more special, and worthy of being appreciated. Thus, the purpose of the reflection is to show that what should be focused on and reflected upon is not mortality, which the speaker has been consumed with, but rather the importance and beauty of life, which remains for the speaker to appreciate in a silent fortitude. The speaker’s intense reflection and understanding of the significance of the call truly show the meaning of life. Despite his increasing worry over his father from stanza to stanza, in reality, his father is perfectly fine, reflected by the calm tone throughout, especially in the beginning, and instead of worrying about his father’s possible death, the speaker learns to appreciate the beauty and meaning of his life. Life indeed does end, but this is what makes it so valuable and necessary to focus and cherish its beauty while it still exists, and live everyday with an intense sense of appreciation for the life humans are allowed to experience with each other.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Deforestation Effects On Amazon Forest Resilience

Trees and any plantation for that matter are often taken for granted as they provide many of the essentials such as photosynthesis regulation, habitat, food, and even save ground to build construction. However, as more people demand more, more space will be needed and cutting away the trees for humans to use. Deforestation is the act of cutting and clearing a large area of trees. It is the cause of extreme damage to the ecosystem and sustainability of life. Deforestation is negatively affecting the interaction between the water cycle, soil sustainability, and trees stability. There is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease in transpiration and†¦show more content†¦2017). Deforestation also indirectly affects the water cycle by disturbing the atmospheric circulation patterns. As evapotranspiration occurs in the water cycle from the forests, the water rises up to the atmosphere and the wind moves the rain. So when trees are cleared, the cycle of losing natural resources continues as fewer trees lead to less water to evaporation in the water cycle which decreases the precipitation the Amazonian forest need. This finally leads to more death of trees and the ecosystem within the forest. Zemp et al.’s result on forest resilience in their simulation supports that the Amazon’s forest survival also decrease as there is an overlap in Zemp et al.’s statement when they state that in their simulations, forest resilience decreases overlap with d eforested areas. Despite the evidence showing the detrimental effects of deforestation, Zemp et al.’s research focus on the quantity of the forest and deforestation, therefore, the research has a gap such that other geographical influences such as fertilization, greenhouse gases, and water use are not accounted for. However, Zemp et al.’s had gained more understanding as they have used other research papers, like [Spracklen and Garcia-Carreras, 2015; Lejeune et al., 2015], to close the gap of unanswered gaps in the deforestation issue. Although the paper hasShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Deforestation On Amazon Forest Resilience Research1852 Words   |  8 PagesThere is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease in transpiration and increase in temperature. Such rise in temperature leads to lack of rainfall, increase droughts and forest fires to which the fires will disrupt the wa ter cycle even more. The effects of deforestation on Amazon forest resilience research by Zemp et al. (2017), build upon previous research done in the field of forestry studies and usedRead MoreCutting Down Mother Nature : Deforestation2387 Words   |  10 PagesCutting Down Mother Nature Deforestation has been an ancient process that has been ongoing since at least since the beginnings of human civilization. It was both a method that focused on survival, but now the act of cutting down a wide area of trees has accelerated to massive proportions for mostly economic profit. Deforestation has already impacted the Earth in such a way that its forests and resources are running out at a massive rate. What had used to be a mere tool for survival has now turnedRead MoreClimate Change in Peru Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesthe second largest portion of the Amazon Forest Basin (US AID, 2011). Its heterogeneity creates such a dire situation for Peru in terms of climate change and the effects it has on each individual system as well as the effects on wildlife and human occupants that live in these regions. In Peru, the climate changes that have been taking place have led to several disastrous outcomes that include not only draught, but have also led to depletion of the Amazon Rain Forest, an increase in disease, extremeRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation And Agriculture On The Natural System1891 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effect of Deforestation and Agriculture on The Natural System The Earth is full of natural resources and it was generous enough to sustain life for living organisms on it for many years. By the technological advancement of the last two centuries and the exponential population growth, Humans needed to dig deeper in oceans and plant more land to sustain life on earth. Agriculture helped sustaining people’s needs in many fields and mankind relied on it for years. Human’s greed to get the maximumRead MoreEffects of Climate Change on the Boreal Forests in Canada Essay example1720 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Climate Change on the Boreal Forests in Canada The boreal forest in Canada covers about a third the whole boreal forest in the polar region of the northern hemisphere. There are also other countries covered partly by the boreal forest like Russia and the Nordic and Scandinavian countries such as Norway, Finland and Sweden. In Canada, the boreal region covers about 60% of the land area, from Labrador and Newfoundland to the provinces of Alaska and Yukon. This area is mainly covered byRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Earth2580 Words   |  11 PagesHumanity has had a substantial effect on Earth, one of the most noteworthy being climate change, with the significant increase in the concentration of greenhouses gases altering the climate of Earth (Walker and Steffen, 1997). The potential causes of climate change are a complex subject, with a wide variety of interwoven causes and consequences from both biogeophysical and human related sources (Peterson et al., 1997). While ecosystems have previously shown some ability to natu rally adapt to climateRead MoreThe Environmental Diversity Of Venezuela1792 Words   |  8 Pageshabitats, Venezuela is considered to be among the 17 most megadiverse countries in the world.† (Wilpert, 2015, p. 1) Yet, it is one of the leaders of deforestation due to economic and political factors. This country is home to extensive rainforests ranging from cloud forests of the coastal mountain ranges to the rainforests of the Guiana shield and Amazon basin. From Rhett Butler (1994), â€Å"Venezuela has more than 21,000 species of plants, 353 mammal species, 323 reptile species, 1,400 bird species, andRead MoreThe Objectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdecreased from 29.6% in 1990-1992 to 10.9% in 2010-2012 (UN, 2015). The World Bank is working together with the international community towards ending poverty in countries and boost incomes for people. It has been promoting agriculture and promoting resilience of communities against climate cha nge (World Bank). The international community together with the bank have worked together to provide pregnant women and children with basic nutrition services. The International Development Association which isRead MoreObjectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdecreased from 29.6% in 1990-1992 to 10.9% in 2010-2012 (UN, 2015). The World Bank is working together with the international community towards ending poverty in countries and boost incomes for people. It has been promoting agriculture and promoting resilience of communities against climate change (World Bank). The international community together with the bank have worked together to provide pregnant women and children with basic nutrition services. The International Development Association which isRead MoreApplication of Gis in Natural Resourse Management10836 Words   |  44 Pagesdegradation of their natural resources. Expansion in technology, population and economic activities have led to accelerated and unsustainable exploitation and depletion of natural resources (satapathy etal., 2008). This degradation, especially of forest cover has led to diminishing soil fertility, soil erosion, increase severity of the impact of drought, and the further reduction in the ability to produce food and other biological resources demanded by the human and animal population (ibid ) Nigeria

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Are There Any Aspects of Bp’s Ethical Culture That Could...

BP Gulf Coast Disaster and Recovery INTRODUCTION BP, formerly British Petroleum and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, has experienced a lot of ups and downs over its hundred-year history—from nearly bankrupting its founder William D’Arcy to becoming one of the world’s largest energy companies. BP has also experienced its fair share of controversies regarding business practices, environmental damage, and hazards to workers. It and all other large energy companies have come under fire for releasing huge amounts of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. For some time, BP has attempted to turn a page in its history book toward a more environmentally-friendly future through investments in renewable energy and a support of ethics and compliance†¦show more content†¦Simply moving equipment to the site had been a monumental task that could take months. To facilitate transportation of the oil, BP started building a pipeline through the area, and many of the necessary supplies had to be shipped from th e United States. In a time before paved roads, everything had to be hauled through the sand using manpower and mules. Because of the difficult mountainous terrain, the pipeline project took over two years to complete. The huge scope of the undertaking drew workers not only from nearby Arab countries, but also from India and China—all of whom were seeking work in helping to build the largest refinery in the world. By 1914, BP was about to go bankrupt again. The company had a lot of oil, but demand for that oil was low. In 1914 the automobile had not become a mass-market product yet, and companies in the New World and Europe had first-mover advantages in the industrial oils market. An even worse problem was the strong smell of Persian oil, which eliminated it from the heating and kerosene lamp markets. Winston Churchill, the British’s First Lord of the Admiralty, changed all that. He felt that the British navy, which was the envy of the world, needed a reliable and dedic ated source of oil. Oil executives had been courting the navy for some years, but until Churchill, commanders had beenShow MoreRelatedBp Deep Water Horizontal Explosion3148 Words   |  13 Pagesfrom a British petroleum company founded in 1909. After experiencing crises during the 1980s-1990s, the company started to have a cost cutting culture. During mid-1990s, with an aggressive growth strategy, BP started to grow and reposition. After BP merged with Amoco in 1998, John Browne started to serve as chief executive until May 2007. Browne repositioned BP as a â€Å"green† oil company after he took over and practiced the model of organizational decision-making strategy, known as â€Å"asset federationRead MoreBp Sustainability Essay28986 Words   |  116 Pagescom/sustainability 2 A letter from our group chief executive / 4 How BP is changing 6 Gulf of Mexico oil spill / 14 How we operate / 22 Energy future 30 Safety / 34 Environment / 38 Society Within hours of the Deepwater Horizon accident, BP teams were working to stop the leak. We also acted to minimize the spill’s impact on the environment by containing, removing and dispersing oil offshore, protecting the shoreline and cleaning up oil that came ashore. And we worked with wildlife groups to develop rescue andRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages This page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pageshydrocarbons. And yet , eve of raw resources import n regions with plenty some form of energy. Saudi Arabia, for examp le, the world’s largest oil exporter, imports ref ined petroleum produc ts like gasoline. So if energy independence is an unrealistic goal, how does everyone get the fuel a world of rising demand they need, especially in , supply disruptions, nat ural disasters, and unstable regimes? True global energy sec urity will be a result of cooperation and engage ment, not isolationism When investment

Marketing Management and Digital Communications

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management and Digital Communications. Answer: Introduction: Samsung Electronics is a South Korean company that deals in mobile phones and the general electronics. The company produces most of the world's powerful phones which are used by many people from different parts of the world. The company has recently manufactured Samsung Leader 8 product. This is a Smartphone with dual screen flip and some classic keyboard. The phone has a rear camera of 12MP and a front camera of 5MP. Thus it is robust and fit enough to satisfy the customer's needs of camera needs. Samsung Leader 8 also has programmable hotkeys. Regarding its way of charging, the phone has a new feature of wireless charging unlike most of the phones in the market. Therefore, Samsung Leader 8 seems to be a perfect product to meet most the current market needs of smartphones. Successful marketing of every company's product relies on the effectiveness of the marketing plan. Marketing that has been implemented well must contain information that reveals that current marketing state of the organization and the possible strategies that can effectively reach the market. The plan has the aims and objectives of developing the market brand awareness for Samsung Leader 8 in Australia. This is important for the Samsung because it will help it attain a bigger market ratio in the country (Kaplan Norton, 2008). The plan also establishes the possible market opportunities and the threats for Samsung Leader 8. This has been achieved through the application of SWOT analysis which provides important market information to help the company succeed in the endeavor. The plan has set the marketing and financial objectives for Samsung Leader 8 which is an important aspect in directing and targeting in the course. Further, the plan establishes the various marketing mix strategies that likely improve the sales of Samsung Leader 8 in the market. Thus, the paper is critical to help Samsung attain many sales of Samsung L8 in the Australian market. In analyzing the internal business situation of Samsung, SWOT analysis seems to be a fit tool to unveil the current market opportunities, the threats, opportunities, and strengths. SWOT is powerful in helping the organization's management understand the environment (Lee Law, 2012). Thus, the organization's leaders will be in a good position to make the best decisions for the marketing of the product (Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr, 2011). In SWOT analysis, strengths refer to the aspects that lie within the business organization that can be helpful to the company and makes it stay above other market industry players (Kim, Hayes, Avant Reid, 2014). Samsung has many strengths internally that can be helpful to the sale of Samsung Leader 8. Firstly, Samsung is the most successful company in production of the phones and the general electronics in the world. The company has an already established brand name both in Australia and the rest of the world. This is a strength of this organization. Secondly, Samsung an already established market share. The company has a share of more than 21% of the world phone market thus, a strength aspect for the success of the company in marketing the Samsung Leader 8 in Australia. Besides, Samsung has an advantage of its heavy investment in the research and development. This is important and helps the company develop what is fit for the market (Koen, Bertels Elsum, 2011). There are various factors within Samsung environment that present challenges to its operation. Firstly, the Samsung Leader 8 seems weaker and not robust enough in the market compared to smartphones from other industry players. Some of this smartphone makers include Apple, which has stayed ahead of Samsung for quite an extended period. Thus, has never managed to match the bigger market share and robustness of Apple's smartphones. Other companies that compete Samsung include many Chinese companies, such as Huawei which offers smart phone alternatives in Australia. Also, Samsung Leader 8 depends on the Google Android which is an open source operating system for this phone, making it inferior to Apple's IOS Devices. Besides, the marketing strategies employed by Samsung are not as robust as those used by Apple (Yuece, 2012). Samsung Leader 8 has many opportunistic factors that that can be used in improving its sales in Australia. Firstly, high current market demand for the smartphones presents an opportunity to increase the sales of Samsung Leader 8. Smartphones are currently trending in Australia and other parts of the world. Also, there is an increased demand for the general phones and tablets thus an opportunity to sell Samsung Leader 8. It is also evident that there is a big opportunity for the sale of Samsung Leader 8 which comes from the increased online market. Currently, phone and tablet companies enjoy more sales to the market in Australia and other parts of the world through the use of the online store. There is a growing market of customers who will buy the phone online using internet from wherever they will be located (Valax, 2012). Just like other companies, Samsung also faces threats to its business from different aspects. The main threats to Samsung's Leader 8 are the competition from other industry players. Apple Inc. presents a great competition to Samsung because of commonly known robust IOS (Vrontis Pavlou, 2008). Also, the company's Samsung Leader 8 relies on Google's open-source Android operating system. Thus, this presents a threat to the organization (Helms Nixon, 2010). Samsung Leader 8 faces competition from other industry players. The main competitor is the iPhone produced by Apple. The company has an established robust brand name more than Samsung thus giving competition to Leader 8. Also, there are many companies from China such as Huawei who produce smartphones that suit the customers in Australia and then sells them at a lower price. This has brought about competition in the market. A mission is the company's statement which explains its core functions, the market it targets, the reason why it exists and the organization's competitive advantages in the market. The mission statement is important and helps to communicate valuable information to its stakeholders. Samsung has a mission statement embedded in its philosophy which states a devotion of the company's talent and technology to produce products which are superior in the market contributing to a better global society. Thus, this mission communicates useful information to all the stakeholders of this organization (Hollensen, 2010). Marketing and Financial Objectives There are three main marketing objectives that this plan seeks to achieve. Firstly, it aims at creating the brand awareness of Samsung's Leader 8 in Australia and the rest of the world. Secondly, the plan aims to establish the potential market opportunities for Samsung Leader 8 that exist in Australia. The third marketing objective is to analyze the market competition that exists in the Australian Smartphone industry. These objectives are important and will help Samsung get a direction and focus on the aspects that need to be realized in the endeavor. Therefore, these aims and objectives act as a driver in the exercise (Mintz Currim, 2013). The plan also has three financial objectives. The first financial goal is to increase the organization's income within the next six months. It seeks to find the appropriate strategies that Samsung can employ to attain more revenue. The second financial objective is to achieve a wider profit margin on the sales of the Samsung Leader 8 within the next six months. It attempts to establish best strategies to ensure that the organization reaps the most out from the disposal of the phones. The third objective of this plan is to maximize the number of Samsung Leader 8 devices sold in the next six months. Thus, attaining the financial goals is greatly dependant on the degree to which the marketing objectives have been achieved. The price refers to the amount that the customer pays for the product. Price strategy is one of the key aspects that the organization can use to achieve its financial objectives (Fernie and Moore, 2013). The price of Samsung Leader 8 should be set to be fair to the customers and also be what the company can make a profit. There is need to do price skimming for the Samsung Leader 8. At the launch, the price should be set higher and then reduced as time goes by. Product promotion is one of the inevitable aspects of the successful marketing of a given product (Coman and Ronen, 2009). The various promotion mix that will be employed in the sale of the Samsung Leader 8 includes online promotions, whereby the company will reach the online community from different parts of the world. Besides, the company will use word of mouth to reach other people in the country and also through sponsorship programs (Hartmann, Nair Narayanan, 2011). Samsung can use the aspect of the product to win a huge market share in the industry (Henry, 2011). The company should launch the product in different colors to attract people of various color likes. Besides Samsung Leader 8 shall have other accessories like the earphones and headphones to attract many customers. Place defines the point where the transaction takes place. The company should make a distribution strategy of initially making the product available at the active economic zones and then to the lower ones. This strategy will help the company increase the sale of the phone to people of different economic status (Deng, 2009). There are various activities that Samsung can employ to enhance the marketing mix strategies for their effectiveness. Regarding place or distribution, the company should focus on enhancing the online sales through E-commerce. The organization should also increase the promotions using the digital sources such as Facebook and Twitter and also through their website. Another action program that can help Samsung to achieve its financial objectives is through designing a plan where the sales team move from place to place within Australia. Reaching people in person will leave a greater impact in this marketing exercise. Therefore, Samsung should run different programs to enhance the effectiveness of the exercise and thus, attain its financial and marketing objectives (Chase, Mackillop Hogarth, 2013). Implementation of the marketing plan is one of the key aspects that must be effectively considered for to achieve the marketing and the financial objectives of the company. Successful implementation of the plan relies on how well the marketing team is managed. There should be a clear role distribution in the team so that people handle specific responsibilities. Also, the implementation needs a regular communication strategy which is a critical aspect of effectiveness. Also, a way to exercise control in the exercise, regular monitoring and evaluation should be conducted to establish the state of the practice regularly. Conclusion In conclusion, every business organization needs a marketing for effective marketing of its products. An effective marketing plan should analyze the business environment, to reveal the critical information required to make decisions and take appropriate strategies. There is need to come up with both marketing and financial objectives and thus, implement action programs that will help the company succeed in the sale of products. Thus, a marketing plan is critical to the success of sales for any product or service. References Chase, H., Mackillop, J. Hogarth, L. (2013). Isolating the behavioral economic indices of the demand in relation to the nicotine dependence, Psychopharmacology, Vol. 226(2), pp. 371-80. Coman, A. Ronen, B. (2009). Focused SWOT: Diagnosing critical strengths and the weaknesses. International Journal of the Production Research, 47(20), pp. 5677-5689. Deng, T. (2009). McDonald's new communication strategy on the changing attitudes and the lifestyle. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 1(1), pp. 37-39. Fernie, S. Moore, C. (2013). Principles of Retailing. Abingdon: Routledge. Ghazinoory, S., Abdi, M. Azadegan-Mehr, M. (2011). SWOT methodology: A state-of-the-art review for past, a framework for the future. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12(1), pp. 24-48. Hartmann, W., Nair, H. Narayanan, S. (2011). Identifying Casual Marketing Mix Effects Using a Regression Discontinuity Design, Marketing Science, Vol. 30(6), pp. 1079-1097. Helms, M. Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis Where are we now? A review of the academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3), pp. 215-251. Henry, A. (2011). Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hollensen, S. (2010). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Harlow: Pearson Education. Kaplan, R. Norton, D. (2008). The execution premium: Linking strategy to the operations for competitive advantage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press. Kim, K., Hayes, J., Avant, J. Reid, L. (2014). Trends in Advertising Research: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Leading Advertising, Marketing and the Communication Journals, 1980 to 2010, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 43(3), pp. 296-316. Koen, P. Bertels, H. Elsum, I. (2011). The three faces of the business model innovation: challenges for the established firms. Research-Technology Management, 54(3), 52-59. Lee, H. Law, R. (2012). Diversity in the Statistical Research Techniques: An Analysis of the Refereed Research Articles in the Journal of the Travel Tourism Marketing Between 1992 and 2010, Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, Vol. 29(1), pp. 1-17. Mintz, O. Currim, I. (2013). What Drives Managerial Use of Marketing and Financial Metrics and Does Metric Use Affect Performance of Marketing-Mix Activities? Journal of Marketing, Vol. 77(2), pp. 17. Valax, M. (2012). Beyond McDonald's CSR in China: Corporation perspective and report from case studies on a damaged employment reputation. Asian Business Management, 11(3), 347-366. Vrontis, D. Pavlou, P. (2008). The external environment and the effect on the strategic marketing planning: A case study for McDonald's. Journal of International Business and the Entrepreneurship Development, 3(3), pp. 289-307. Yuece, I. (2012). SWOT analysis of McDonalds and derivation of appropriate strategies. Munich: GRIN-Verlag.

Monday, April 20, 2020

Switching Network In Telecommunications Essays - Alcatel-Lucent

Switching Network In Telecommunications SWITCHING NETWORK IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS (AT&T 5ESS SWITCH) The direction of this paper is to describe a telecommunications switch and show its purpose and multitasking abilities. This paper will use the AT&T 5ESS Switch to give a real world example of a top rated telecommunications switch. The end result will be an understanding of how a switch works and what it can do. Also, it will show why the AT&T 5ESS Switch is #1 in today's telecommunication world. SWITCHING In today's world a person should be able to pick up his phone and dial to almost anywhere in the world. Without knowing anything about switching, one would think that there phone would have to have a separate line to everyone other phone in the world. This would be quite a lot of lines into just one phone and know that this is an impossible scenario. This is why the switched network was developed. A switched network brings each subscriber line into a centralized switching system, where connections are made for each call. The earliest telephone switches were hand-operated - that is, they required a human operator to make connections by plugging circuits into a switchboard. When the customer rang the central office, the operator scanned the switchboard and connected the caller by plugging into the requested line. The invention of the mechanical switch came about in the late 1880. Now, the mechanical switch replaced the human operator, who handled the physical connections. These early switching systems were based on the analog technology that was state-of-the-art electronics at the time. By the mid 1970's digital technologies were being introduced into the core of the public switched network. Digital switches fully capitalized on the strength of the computer revolution by routing both voice and data through the switch in the form of 0/1 binary coded information, which can be moved through the switch in a very short period of time. A single digital switch typically serves anywhere from under 1000 to over 100,000 subscribers. The typical digital switch has four components: the central processor, the switch matrix, a range of peripherals, and input/output controllers. Central Processor - The central processor controls call processing activities. Examples of some activities are assigning time slots and administering special calling features such as call forwarding. The central processor is also responsible for directing system-control functions, system maintenance, and the loading and downloading of software. The central processor is usually duplicated within a switch to ensure reliability. If the hot processor should develop a problem while a call is being processed, the system automatically shifts to the standby processor - without the caller noticing any interruption of service Switch Matrix - This is also referred to as the network. It handles the actual connection of calls to their destinations. Peripherals - These convert incoming voice and data signals into the digital format used by the switch and perform some low-level call processing tasks. There are usually a range of peripheral modules to interface the range of lines and trunks coming in from the network. Input/Output Controller - This system provides access to the switch for billing, maintenance, loading of software, and routine operations and administration. The primary function of a switch is Picture - lucent.com/netsys/5ESS/family to establish connections between telephones and data equipment for the transmission of voice or data. When a local call is placed, a digital switch performs multiple call processing functions. These functions are: ? Call Detection - Detection that the telephone receiver is off the hook. ? Dial Tone Provided - Provides dial tone to the caller. ? Digit Collection - Collects the dialed digits. ? Digit Translation - Translates dialed digits into a call number. ? Call Routing - Routes the call to its destination. ? Call Connection - Connects parties. ? Audible Ringing/Ringback - Signaling the called party by audible ringing, and the calling party by ringback. ? Call Termination - Disconnecting and terminating the call when a party hangs up. How does a switch accomplish all these functions? The answer is Software. The switch is a large scale, real time software based system. The switch itself, works through commands located in the software applications used. Software is the guiding command that makes the switch execute its processes. Now that the function and purpose of the telecommunications switch

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Themes of betrayal in james jo

Themes of betrayal in james jo Origins of the Theme of Betrayal in James Joyce's Dubliners Throughout his early years, certain people and events heightened Joyce's awareness of the hopelessly corrupt environment of Ireland that had betrayed so many of its own. The more profound of these enlightening inspirations were the betrayal and downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell, the indifference of Henrik Ibsen towards literary protests, the neglected native artistry of James Clarence Mangan, and Joyce's own role as Prefect. These occurrences provoked Joyce's bitter resentment towards Ireland, initiating the gradual alienation towards his church and homeland. The issue of betrayal is prevalent throughout Dubliners, for Joyce imagined it, hated it, and feared it.James Joyce was born into a country dominated by England, and the cause of Irish freedom captured his imagination at an early age. The spokesman for this cause was Charles Stewart Parnell, who became a heroic figure to Joyce. It was the early period of Joyce's life that saw Parnell greatest influence and tragic betrayal.English: Image from 1890. Out of copyright. From: ...By 1889 the attempt to implicate Parnell in the Phoenix Park murders of 1882 had failed, but in the same year he was accused of adultery in the divorce suit of captain O' Shea. At first it appeared that Parnell might weather this scandal, but a coalition of political enemies and devout Catholics ousted him from leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party, and the rural population of Ireland turned against their leader with savage hatred. Even Parnell's Lieutenant Tim Healy, who had vowed never to betray his leader, finally turned against Parnell. After a year of campaigning against his enemies, Parnell died on October 6th, 1891-this day marks the beginning of James Joyce's resentful feelings towards Ireland, which were eventually revealed in Dubliners.When Parnell's body was brought to Dublin for burial, thousands were waiting...

Friday, February 28, 2020

The Impact of Technology in the Business World Speech or Presentation

The Impact of Technology in the Business World - Speech or Presentation Example Communication This is a fundamental factor in any business setting. Effective communication enhances coordination and planning activities, prior to the goals and objectives of the company (Bhatnagar, 2003). Technology has made communication easier by cutting the time taken to send and receive data and information as well making the communication process cheaper. Two or more businesses can actually work together from different locations. Online services in the context of the activities undertaken by businesses are easily handled in the current time, aided by internet and the World Wide Web. Computer and computer technology has enabled businesses to make diverse planning within a very short time. Planning and related programs have been developed for such purposes. Examples in this case are Gantt charts and schedule formats (Daft, 2008). Data handling technologies have provided functionality to the communication process, allowing for massive data storage and information transmission aro und the world. Customer service The success or failure of a business is determined by the customer base. Businesses may be well established based on capital portfolio and management but lack significant market share to facilitate its operational success. Adequate customer services facilitate market share take-over for businesses. Keeping in touch with customers is an essential business tool. Technology has provided easier means through which this can be achieved. Through online communication like chats and emails, a firm can consistently manage its customers. Timely response to issues raised by customers has been realized through the adoption of relevant technologies. Payments and receipts Business liquidity has improved with technological advancement. Modes of making and receiving payments have become more efficient with the adoption of proper technologies that aid the process. Fund transfer technology has provided a basis for the functionality of this. Funds can be transferred in the whole world in seconds. On the same note, invoices can be placed online without the buyer and the seller meeting. Debts and credits are easily handled without the need for the involved parties to meet physically. Financial institutions have integrated online services in their operations, making it easier to access funds from different locations in the world. Investments, exports and imports are effectively done without the need to travel to the specific locations that the goods and services are ordered from. Even where travelling is required, technology has enabled faster means of transportation. Multinational corporations Presence of a business in more than one location is important in diversifying that business’s portfolio. Multinational corporations are international firms that establish their operations in more than one country (Ojukwu, 2003). These firms have found a strong base of operation on technology. Activities between the affiliate firms and the parent firm ha ve been aided by technology. Use of websites has also provide a fundamental tool through which firms create awareness to the entire world about the products and services they offer as well as the prices they charge for their differentiated products.

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

A common Misunderstanding of systems in airplanes Essay

A common Misunderstanding of systems in airplanes - Essay Example Nevertheless, the flight data recorders have been designed to withstand substantial hardships, high temperatures, and even violence such as one that occurs on impact of a plane crash. At most times, the boxes can withstand this and still be useful with regard to providing essential data to investigators. In spite of this, people should understand that at extreme temperatures that may be caused by aviation fuel fires, the boxes could be destroyed. In most instances, this damage is viewed from the point of recoverable data. The fires may destroy the data inside the data recorders making it unreadable. At such an instance, the black box was destroyed. Such a misunderstanding can be avoided in the future by educating people. If the people have prior information concerning the characteristics and behavior of a black box at certain circumstances, they would stop expecting too much out of the black box. There are usually two black boxes on commercial airplanes and their color is

Friday, January 31, 2020

Two Lobbies At A Glance Essay Example for Free

Two Lobbies At A Glance Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the many hotels in Toronto, I decided to compare two hotels on nearly the same 3-star rating grade but with big contrasts. I decided to compare Marriot Residence Inn Hotel and the Drake Hotel. The Drake Hotel, located a bit distant from downtown, got a three and a half star rating for five floors of well-planned rooms, with attractively decorated interior and fun entertainment venues that makes it a hip destination. The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel meanwhile got three star ratings and is centrally located in the downtown making it an ideal destination for business travelers, vacationers and families. It is also located near the famous CN Tower and you can even book a room with panoramic view. Their room prices are different as well with the Marriot Residence Hotel’s room tagged at $232 per night and the Drake Hotel’s room priced at $191 per night. Both hotels boasts of hi-tech facilities, equipment and extensive amenities suited to the interest of the majority of their guests. Both hotels are also voted among the top ten most popular hotels in Toronto with the Residence Inn bagging the top place and the Drake Hotel in the top nine out of a hundred hotels. Both are popular to tourists although the choice of hotel between the two is driven ultimately by their personalities that are often in contrast too.   The hotel lobbies described and differentiated below became a window then to their distinct style of servicing their clients. The cozy lobby of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel (Downtown) against the adventurously hip lobby of the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing you will notice upon entering the lobby of one of the most popular hotel in Toronto, Marriot Residence Inn, is the cozy ambiance, clean interior and coordinated colors. The red seats are comfortable and the wooden wall panels create a warm atmosphere. The lobby of Drake Hotel is meant to catch the attention of the adventurous and art lovers. The couches are soft and got a lived-in look to it. The chairs are not matching and there are edgy and colorful art pieces that are included in the lobby. The dà ©cor is meant to vibrate a hip, inviting and cool hotel for those who want that kind of lifestyle. The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel provides better guests reception than those in Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The front desk team of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel is friendly and quick to assist you with your bags and to your room. They are professional but very welcoming that it makes guests feel comfortable instantly. The front desk team of Drake Hotel is helpful and friendly too. However, they seem to lack additional personnel to attend to the guests that are coming in and out. At few times, they let the guests drag their own bags in and make them wait since the reception is busy. Since many of the personnel of Drake Hotel are young, some had attitude in servicing their guests while some are very courteous to everyone. Some complaints on the guest stays are the noisy delivery at the morning of beer supplies and the pulsing beat of the jammed crowd at weekends. The guests of Drake Hotel are mainly composed of art-lovers and young, adventurous ones while the guests of Marriot Residence Inn are mainly composed of family vacationers, professionals and mature tourists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps it’s the neighborhood around Drake Hotel that made it a popular choice for the hip and the artsy. The Drake Hotel has a hangout bar at its rooftop, lounge and club. It is also near famous bars and within the art community that gladly supports them. The guests of Marriot Residence Inn are treated the classy and comforting hotel amenities and downtown entertainments located around the Marriott while the hotel guests of Drake Hotel are subjected to fast, hip and fun events within the hotel itself.   The CN Tower, which is the tallest vertical structure in the world, stands within the view of the Marriot Residence Hotel while the Drake Hotel boasts of a very interesting art community and buzzing nightlife. The peace and quiet of the Marriot Residence Inn is more relaxing than the vibrant buzz of life in the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If a guest is looking for a relaxing stay and envisioned sublime peace in their hotels then Drake Hotel is not for them Marriot Residence Inn is more suited to the mentioned objective of peace and quiet since the Marriot Residence offers hotel rooms, classy restaurant and a high-end bar. Drake Hotel meanwhile, is the spot for three very famous and very crowded nightspots in Toronto thus noise level and activity buzz is high. One guest stated that when he complained about the noise, he was given an earplug owned by the staff so as he could get a night of sleep. The Marriot Residence Hotel is much suited for family than the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Drake Hotel has a menu of pleasure toys discreetly displayed in the lobby while the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel offers a comfortable and quiet stay. Since the focus of Drake Hotel seemed to be more on the entertainment areas rather than the hotel rooms, it is often jammed with people having a nightlife rather than of guests who are looking for a good bed to rest and a quiet room to sleep into. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many phases in one’s life that one has varying interests and goals. Therefore the timing of choosing one hotel between the two is dependent on the interests of the guests. The Drake Hotel is much suited to the young, hip and outgoing personalities who like to be around art, jamming, nightlife and entertainment. While the Marriot Residence Inn hotel boasts of world-class excellence and quality service that they provide to those who can afford it.  Ã‚   Staying in either of these two hotels is enjoyable as long as your needs are met, your expectations exceeded and the moments you stayed there are hassle-free and enjoyable for you and your companions. Reference: Toronto Hotels. (2008) Trip Advisor. Retrieved January 25, 2008 from http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g155019-Toronto_Ontario-Hotels.html Thesis Outline Two Lobbies At A Glance Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both are nearly in the same 3-star rating. Both are located in tourist interests areas. However some differences are noted upon observation of their distinctive lobbies. Point One: The cozy lobby of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel (Downtown) against the adventurously hip lobby of the Drake Hotel. Marriots Residence Inn’s cozy ambiance, clean interior and coordinated colors Drake Hotel offers colorful art pieces and dà ©cor Point Two: The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel provides better guests reception than those in Drake Hotel. The friendly staff of Marriots Residence Inn The busy and young personnel of Drake Hotel Point 3: The guests of Drake Hotel are mainly composed of art-lovers and young, adventurous ones while the guests of Marriot Residence Inn are mainly composed of family vacationers, professionals and mature tourists. The Drake Hotel has a hangout bar at its rooftop, lounge and club. The guests of Marriot Residence Inn are treated the classy and comforting hotel amenities and downtown entertainments located around the Marriott Point 4. The peace and quiet of the Marriots Residence Inn is more relaxing than the vibrant buzz of life in the Drake Hotel. Drake Hotel‘s high noise level and activity buzz. Marriot Residence offers hotel rooms, classy restaurant and a high-end bar. Point 5: The Marriots Residence Hotel is much suited for family than the Drake Hotel. The Drake Hotel has a menu of pleasure toys discreetly displayed in the lobby Marriots Residence Inn Hotel offers a comfortable and quiet stay for whole family. Conclusion The timing of choosing one hotel between the two is dependent on the interests and preference of the guests.   Staying in either of these two hotels is enjoyable as long as your needs are met, your expectations exceeded and the moments you stayed there are hassle-free and enjoyable for you and your companions.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Phtography Essay -- Art, Sally Mann

Sally Mann’s photographic work has received both reverence and controversy, most notably her book Immediate Family (1994), which contains nude and suggestive photographs of her three children, has also sparked overwhelming critical discussions and speculation, whilst challenging the prevailing concepts of family and childhood in the United States. Produced immediately after the Reagan revolution, which reinstated family values and a more conventional moral sensibility as vital to the framework of public policy (Berlant, 1997, p. 7), Mann’s work has resulted in her immersed into debates surrounding child pornography, the inversion of familial relationships, motherhood, and conveying a complex notion of the maternal gaze. Hà ©là ¨ne Cixous states that â€Å"binary oppositions underline most of Western [philosophical] thought† e.g. male/female, active/passive, natural/unnatural, logical/emotional (Conley, 2000, p.148) which have the effect of forming a set of standardised values within patriarchal society. Conversely, Immediate Family moves towards a state where what is traditionally considered antipodal co-exists, where neither is repressed, and offers an alternatively paradigmatic relationship between binary opposites. In addition to this, by considering Mann's work in terms of Cixous's understanding of the Freudian concept of the Uncanny, a more fluid and permeable reading of Immediate Family can be produced. The Uncanny is characterised by a strangeness that "uncovers what is hidden (anxiety) and by doing so, effects a disturbing transformation of the familiar into the unfamiliar'' (Jackson, 1981, p.65), resulting in an inability to decipher what is considered to be 'real' and what is t hought to be 'imaginary'. Mann is known for ten... ... is ultimately the girl’s subversion of the border dividing life and death. The familiar becomes dauntingly unfamiliar, as with â€Å"dreams that slip past our perceptual defences triggering a response but never quite revealing their meaning† (Williams and Newton, 2007, p.207). Subsequently, this expresses a blurring of boundaries and embodies the notion of metamorphosis where divisions cease to be defined. The animation/inactivity duality of the body defies the binary opposites of 'rational' thinking, and in doing so, introduces the Uncanny into this photograph. The more one analyses and observes this photograph, the more it constantly shifts across the prescribed boundaries of illusion and reality, often entering controversial areas. â€Å"Winter Squash† demonstrates how Mann takes the viewer from a visual affirmation of childhood and youth, to an inherent fear of death.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

English Banking Law Essay

INTRODUCTION: There are three types of cheque frauds exists in UK viz. forged, counterfeit and fraudulently altered cheque fraud. In 2005, the cheque fraud in U.K was estimated about  £ 40.3 million – a 13% decrease from the 2004 total of  £ 46.2 million. The earlier year figures also revealed a steady increase totaling  £ 36million in 2002 and  £ 45million in 2003.In U.K during 2005, counterfeit cheque fraud was estimated at  £ 3.23m, forged cheques fraud was estimated at  £ 30.9 m in 2005 and fraudulently altered cheque fraud was estimated at  £ 6.2 millions. SOURCE: FRAUD FACTS -2006 APACS- UK This paper studies the various protections available to banks and customers when using cheques as opposed to cards, as method of payment. PROTECTION AVAILABLE TO CHEQUE PAYMENTS UNDER BILL OF EXCHANGE ACT, 1882, UK (BEA) AND CHEQUES ACT 1957 Under Bill of Exchange Act, 1882, under section 81 A, a non-transferable cheques has been defined as follows†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"81 A (1). Where as cheques is crossed and bears across its face the words ‘account payee’ or a/c either with or without the word ‘only’, the cheques shall not be transferable but shall only be valid as between the parties thereto. (2) A banker is not to be treated for the purpose of section 80 above as having been negligent by reasons only of his failure to concern himself with any purported endorsement of a cheque which under subsection (1) above or otherwise is not transferable. (Cheques Act, 1992). One risk associated with the cheques bearing forged or unauthorized endorsements’. However protection is available under the English Bills of exchange Act, (BEA, or the Act). Under BEA, a legitimate holder of a cheques payable to bearer attain a good title to the instrument overcoming thereby any adverse claim of ownership that might have been hold good against his predecessor. Accordingly, the payment by the drawee bank to those acquirers discharges the cheques as well as the drawer’s engagement thereon so as to permit the drawee bank to debit the drawee’s account. But this is not applicable to cheques payable to order. In the case of payable to order cheques, effect of an unauthorised or an absence of endorsement or forged endorsement shall have to be looked into under the circumstances of forged endorsements. One of the ways to prevent forged endorsement or loss due to stolen cheques is to use crossed cheques or cheques payable in account. Cheques crossing are available under the BEA, UK. The crossed cheques requires to deposit the cheques into account rather than payable to bearer does not reallocate the cheques theft losses but it minimizes the loss and thus benefits the party on whom the loss falls. Further the losses arose due to stolen cheques or loss cheques payable to bearer fall on the dispossessed owner under BEA. Thus under BEA , reallocation of loss away from dispossessed owner may not be successful in case of crossed cheques payable to bearer as the onerous shifted to bank for its negligence. If a bank has acted in good faith and it is protected under BEA for the payment made to open cheques to bearer.    In the case of crossed cheques, if the bank seeks protection, it should have acted without negligence and in good faith. Under BEA, if forged endorsement losses fall on the taker from the forger who is naturally a bank. Further, the cheques payable to the order under the BEA, loss reduction thus seems to be mainly advantageous to the collecting bank. Further the collecting bankers of the crossed cheques are protected under the BEA over forged endorsements as long as they acted in good faith and without negligence. Further under BEA, the drawee bank is protected and this shifts the reallocation of forged endorsement losses to the first innocent party prior to the collecting bank.   Where the one who grabbed the payment through a bank account was the conman, such innocent party is construed to be dispossessed owner. Thus the crossing has reassigned the loss to the dispossessed owner, thus excluding the collecting bank that took the cheque from the conman. Thus under BEA, protection is available to banking channel had they acted in good faith and without negligence even in case of crossed cheques .If an open or crossed stolen cheque has been collected by or paid to the conman , the loss is assigned to the dispossessed owner .Under UK laws , where a cheque is payable to order is collected or paid over a forged endorsement for or to a non-bank situated in the chain of title subsequent to the conman, loss is assigned to the non-bank from that of the conman. This is apart from of whether the cheque was collected for or paid to the innocent taker from the conman or someone obtaining title from the conman despite of crossing.   Where the cheque is crossed and it has to be paid into a bank account and then only it can be encashed as it will be convenient for the dispossessed owner to trace that person and assign the loss to him. Thus the crossing of cheque becomes more helpful to the true owner. However thus the innocent endorser has to bear the loss as the benefit is not in the reallocation of losses. The best example of the above is the Nigerian gangsters operating in UK and taking the gullible students who are in the poverty to carry out cheque fraud worth  £ 50 million a year. These Nigerians conman recruit poor students with promises of good cash reward for just providing the conman with their bank account particulars. By using stolen corporate cheque books, they then deposit huge amount of British pounds through the accounts. No sooner the account is credited with the collection amount from the fraudulent cheques, the account will be emptied before the firm or bank realizes what has happened. The major lion’s share goes to the conman and only a very meager amount goes to the innocent, poor student who has provided the bank account number to the conman. When the fraud comes to light due to alerting by the bank to the police, it is the poor, innocent student who will become the scapegoat. The conman mainly selects the students from Camden in North London where thousands of students from the capital’s universities congregate. Conman liberally offer them up to  £ 5000 for doing nothing. Then the conman approaches an insider who is working in the royal mail and induces them to steal a company’s cheque book. Then the conman visits the company office to collect the director’s signature from the dustbin and thus they scrupulously copy the same in writing the bogus cheques.   Thus the conman had a fortune by sharing a lion’s share in the booty leaving the innocent, poor account holder to face police and possible fraud investigation.[i] Banks and building society’s in UK from September 2006 onwards is not to accept the cheques that are issued in favour of the banks itself in a move to avoid frauds. Bank is to insist to issue the cheques payable to an individual or to include the individual’s name on the payee line after the name of the institution. This strategy is mainly designed to ensure that the money lands in the right account and to bring to an end to cheque fraud which reached to a height of  £46.2 million in 2004 which includes counterfeit and stolen cheques. This modification is being launched following a case in which an independent financial advisor informed his clients to draw cheques out to the financial institutions where the money was going to be invested. He then paid them in to his own account, rather than the customers account.[ii] Under the BEA , there is a provision with a bill containing words prohibiting transfer or indicating an intension that it should not be transferable and these instruments is termed as ‘ not negotiable’. As such these instruments can not be negotiated by the payee to another holder. In UK, an account payee or a/c payee and with or without the words only can be encashed only by the account holder and thus it can not be encashed other wise than by an endorsement. Further, under the BEA, the consequence of an unauthorised or forged assignment is similar to that of forged endorsement as both do not convey title. Under BEA, in there is no acceptance, the drawee can not be held liable on the instrument and it does not exclude in tort or in receipt of money provided elements of such liability are present. If the drawer has given sufficient notice well in advance informing the drawee about the forged endorsement and the remedy available to the drawer against drawee for the forged endorsement is under contract and this arises regardless of any particular provision of the BEA. Further under BEA , no remedies is specified for the misappropriation under forged endorsement but the injured can avail the common law remedies for the embezzlement of property in chattels generally rather than stipulating specific recourse to the true owner of misappropriated cheques. Further the loss of cheque does not forfeit the action on it under the BEA. Under BEA, no title is passed on under the forged endorsements and one who derives the title under forged endorsement can not enforce payments against a prior party to the forgery. Further no payment is made under due course so as to discharge the cheque and to preclude drawee’s liability against the drawer. Thus the original owner from whom the cheque was stolen and forged inherits the right to and on the cheque and he has a right to sue for the wrongful interference with his rights. Further under BEA, an endorser is barred from refuting the authenticity and promptness of all previous endorsements and at the time of endorsement, he had a good title and this denial will be advantageous for the holder in due course later. Further under BEA, the drawee bank can base its reliance on laws governing mistake and restitution for the payment made over a forged endorsement. Further, under BEA provisions, true owner may recover on the lost cheque from any party prior to the falsification till up to the drawer. Under BEA, cheques payable to fictitious or non existing persons is deemed to payable to the bearer. A collecting bank can not be held responsible for payment made to a thief if it is drawn on fictitious name and if they have acted in good faith which absolves the collecting from its liability. In Fok Cheong Shing Investments v. Bank of Nova Scotia, the president of the drawer who turned to be the authorised signatory of the company issued a cheque to a real person with an intention for misappropriation. The loss was allocated to the drawer under the fictious payee provision. Thus the drawee bank is being protected under the BEA if it has paid a cheque over forged endorsement in the ordinary course of business under good faith. Thus the statutory protection is extended to the collecting bank which collects in good faith and without negligence a cheque bearing a forged endorsement. S 60 of the BEA does not warrant that drawee bank should act with out negligence. However one may assume that a bank has to act without negligence in the ordinary course of business. The UK Review Committee on Banking Services Law and Practice considered provisions ss.60, 80 and s.1 of the Cheques Act 1957. The committed recommended to combine these provisions under single enactment so that statutory protection may be extended to a paying bank acting in ’good faith’ and without negligence. Both the s 82 and s.1 of the Bills of exchange (crossed cheques) Act were repealed by the Cheques Act 1957 in UK which mainly extended the protection to open cheques and other payments documents. In UK, the drawee is primarily liable to payment, the endorser is liable secondly and the drawer is the ultimately liable to payment upon dishonor. Not withstanding this, the drawer and the endorser may sign without recourse. The United Nations Convention on international Bills of exchange and International Bills of Exchange and International promissory notes , 1988( UNCITRAL Convention) specifies that the drawer may exclude his own liability for acceptance or deferment by an express stipulation in the Bill. Such stipulation will hold of use only where another party is or becomes liable on the bill. PROTECTION AVAILABLE TO PAYING BANK: Section 24 of the BEA states that a forged signature is no signature. In Brown v Westminster Bank (1964), the estoppel caused from the misleading facts from the client. In this case , the bank has reminded a old lady , the customer against the veracity of the signature as her signature was forged more than in 300 cheques and in turn she certified that the signature was her own.   When the bank was sued by her son later, it was held that bank was not liable and they were estopped from denying the genuineness of the cheques. In Tai Cotton Mills Ltd v Liu Chong Hing bank (1985), it was held in this case that a customer of a bank needs to check his bank statement to keep on watch that the forged cheques were processed. The bank’s express condition to the contrary in the contract with customer can absolve the banks from the wrongful debit. Like wise if a bank pays a cheque in breach of a mandate by oversight, it has the right of subrogation and the bank has the right to take the possession of a title or good that it effectively paid for. PROTECTION IN THE CASE OF CONVERSION: It is not necessary for the bank to check every endorsement on the cheque and it would be time consuming and onerous to do so. So as to assuage the liability of banks, BEA (1882) and the Cheques Act (1959) offer defense for the paying bank. Bank of Ireland v Hollicourt (Contracts) limited (2000) EWCA Cir 263. A suit was filed against a bank which continued to pay on cheques against the company’s bank account even after filing of a petition for bankruptcy. It was held that the bank had acted as an agent and didn’t have any beneficial interest and the legislation made the disposition void but that did not operate the way claimed. Roger Smith and Christopher Trimothy Esmond Hayward and Lloyds Bank TSB; Harvey Jones Ltd and Woolwich Plc (2000). Where a cheque has been misused falsely to change the name of the payee, then the piece of paper can not be termed as a cheque and an action for alteration against the collecting or paying bank will stand only as the nominal value of the paper and not as to the face value. As the material alteration was carried out with out assent of any one but the fraudster and under the bill is avoided save against a party consenting or making to the alteration. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHILE WRITING A CHEQUE: Write clearly the name of person in whose favour your are writing a cheque with additional information like Dr, Er, his shop name or company name etc. From September 2006 on wards whenever you issue a cheque to UK building society or to a bank, add additional information other than the name of the bank or society like account no, bank branch name etc. To prevent fraudsters to add words in the empty blank space available in the written cheque, it is always better to draw a line through unused spaces. Don’t pre sign blank cheques and also try to fill all the details like full name, amount in figures and words and don’t issue undated cheques. Always issue ‘account payee only ‘crossed cheques’ to avoid any frauds. CREDIT CARD CHEQUES: These cheques have been issued as an additional facility on credit card accounts for the last 10 years in UK. These are similar to the normal bank account cheques and can be deployed for the same purpose. During 2004 , about 3.4m credit cheques have been issued which constitute a very little percentage (2%) as opposed to overall number of credit card in operation which totaled to 1.727 billion in the UK according to APACS , the UK payment association. The credit card cheques are likely to bounce in most of the cases if credit limit has been crossed. These credit card cheques are utilised for high value transactions ranging from  £ 850 as against  £ 58 for a UK credit card purchases and  £ 120 for payment of a personal cheque. In credit card cheques, the customer need not ask for the cheques from the credit card issuer but they are issued at the discretion of the card provider and there are different terms and conditions applicable to transaction done through credit cards cheques as compared with a credit card and this is being unaware by the most of the customers. One of the disadvantages is the fraud that is prevalent in the credit card cheques as the most of the issuer are forwarding it to their customers on discretionary basis. These credit card cheques are vulnerable to fraudulent activities as most of the customers do not aware that credit card cheques have been dispatched to them. In the case of these credit card frauds, lender has to bear the losses rather than customer. CREDIT CARD FRAUDS: Credit and debit card frauds cost  £ 400 m during 2004 and devise deployed by the fraudsters have become sophisticated.One of the remedy is to insure against the ID theft. Some insurance company offer it as free adds on with home insurance policy. One of the protection for the prevention of credit card frauds   is the introduction of new industry standard namely ‘Chip and Pin† which required implanting a microchip inside the credit and debit card and mandates that consumers key in a secrete four-digit personal identification number to complete a transaction using the card. As the result the consumers deceived by the fraudsters are on the decrease in UK. [i] Dan Evans, â€Å"Gang’s Pounds 50m stolen cheque racket ‘, Sunday Mirror, Jan, 12, 2003. [ii] â€Å"Banks put checks on Cheques in new bid to beat pounds 46 million fraud, The Birmingham post, December 8, 2005, page 24. â€Å"Check Your Balance before the Match.† The News Letter (Belfast, Northern Ireland) : 11 â€Å"Cheques in the Post-Mortem.† The Birmingham Post (England) 21 Jan. 2006: 27. Cheques to Be Stubbed Out. After 350 YEARS; Signed and Sealed.† The Mirror (London, England) 10 Nov. 2004: 1. â€Å"Fraud Bill Shock.† Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England) 31 Jan. 2006: 2. Ghost Workers Help Fraud to Soar.† Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales) 2 Feb. 2005: 6. â€Å"King of the Cons.† The Mirror (London, England) 11 Jan. 2005: 10. â€Å"Postman Given Asylum Plundered [Pounds Sterling] 20million.† The Daily Mail (London, England) 21 Dec. 2005: 17. â€Å"Store Bans Slowcoach Cheques to Speed Checkouts.† Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales) 3 Apr. 2006: 4. Sally Ramage Dabydeen, â€Å"Legal and Regulatory Frame work â€Å"iUniverse, 2004.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Belief System Is The Foundation, The Primary Factor...

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